What equipment does a wind power generation system consist of? Қазақстан

What equipment does a wind power generation system consist of?

Wind power generation systems can be divided into on grid systems and off grid systems according to different application scenarios. Today we will mainly talk about off grid wind power generation system.

Off grid wind energy systems generally consist of wind turbines, controllers, inverters, batteries and other parts.

Wind turbines mainly include the following parts:

1. Wind wheel

Most wind turbine rotors are composed of 3-5 blades, which are components that convert wind energy into mechanical energy. There are currently two main materials for wind turbine blades. One is fiberglass material, which is usually hand-pasted with glass fiber cloth and prepared epoxy resin in the model, and some filling material is added to the inner cavity. Manual pasting is suitable for blades of different shapes and variable cross-sections, but manual production is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and product quality is difficult to control. Foreign small fans also use mechanized production of equal-section blades, which greatly improves the efficiency of blade production and product quality.

2. Generator

Wind turbines generally use permanent magnet alternators. The alternating current generated by the wind turbine-driven generator is rectified into direct current that can be stored in a battery.

3. Directional mechanism, speed regulating mechanism and parking mechanism

In order to obtain energy from the wind, the rotating surface of the wind wheel should be perpendicular to the direction of the wind. In horizontal axis wind turbines, this function is achieved by using the tail as a steering mechanism. 

At the same time, as the wind speed increases, the rotation speed of the wind wheel must be limited. This is because on the one hand, excessive rotational speed will cause damage to the wind wheel and other components of the wind turbine; on the other hand, the power output of the generator needs to be limited to a certain range.

Since the structure of small wind turbines is relatively simple, the impeller side-biased speed regulation method is currently generally used. This speed regulation mechanism can easily cause the wind rotor and tail to swing when the wind speed and direction change greatly, thereby causing vibration of the wind turbine. Therefore, when the wind speed is high, especially when the battery is fully charged, the wind turbine should be stopped manually.

Some small wind turbines are designed with manual braking mechanisms. In addition, in practice, the sideways parking method can be used, that is, a soft rope is fixed on the tail wing. When it is necessary to stop, pull the tail fin to turn the wind wheel sideways to the wind direction to achieve the purpose of stopping.

4. Tower of small wind turbine

It is generally composed of a tower tube and 3-4 cables, with a height of 6-9 meters. It can also be flexibly selected according to the actual local conditions.

Other equipment included in wind power generation system

1. Controller

The function of the wind power generation system controller is to control and display the charging of the battery by the wind turbine to ensure that the battery will not be overcharged or over-discharged, and to ensure the normal use of the battery and the reliable operation of the entire system. At present, wind turbine controllers generally come with an energy-consuming load. Its function is to absorb the electric energy generated by the wind turbine when the battery bottle is full and the external load is small.

2. Inverter

The inverter is a device that converts DC power (12V, 24V, 36V, 48V) into 220V AC power. Because many electrical appliances on the market currently are powered by 220V, this device is necessary in many applications.

3. Battery

It is a very important component in the wind power generation system. Generally, lead-acid batteries or lithium batteries are available.